What Is Mirepoix and How Do You Use It?

Updated: Feb. 20, 2024

What is mirepoix? Simply put, it's an aromatic shortcut every chef should know how to use for the best savory cooking ever.

For even the most humble home cooks, it’s time to bask in the glory of knowing you probably do something chefs learn in culinary school: making and using mirepoix. It’s a diced mixture of onions, carrots and celery cooked in fat like butter or oil. The trio of vegetables is every chef’s secret to quick and savory cooking. If you’re used to making one-dish dinners and or even marry me short ribs, then you’re a pro at making mirepoix.

What is mirepoix?

Mirepoix (pronounced meer-PWAH) is a simple mixture of three or more chopped vegetables, including onion, carrots and celery. Typically, the ratio is one part carrots to one part celery to two parts onion. Sauteed slowly (and without browning) in butter or oil to gently coax out its flavors, mirepoix forms the aromatic base for a wide variety of savory dishes. You might be most familiar with starting comforting meals like chili and chicken noodle soup with the mixture.

It’s said to have originated when the cook of French aristocrat Charles de Lévis, the Duke of Mirepoix, made the mixture a standard of French cooking. Because the French word sounds a bit fancy for such humble ingredients, not all recipes will call it that. For example, this slow cooker beef stew will ask you to start with onions, carrots and celery, but won’t refer to the mixture as mirepoix.

Your aromatic base might also include garlic, peppercorns, bell peppers, herbs or even bacon, depending on the recipe.

Mirepoix Variations

Using aromatics in cooking isn’t just a French thing. Many variations of mirepoix exist in different regions. Sofrito, for example, comprises onion, garlic, tomatoes and bell peppers and flavors Spanish dishes like paella, rice and beans and arroz con pollo. Soffritto (note the spelling difference) hails from Italy and often includes pancetta and garlic in addition to onions, carrots and celery. Use olive oil as the fat in a soffritto. You’d use this variation in classic Italian soups and bolognese sauce for pasta.

The holy trinity, a Cajun and Creole cooking must, uses onion and celery and swaps out carrots for bell peppers. Try out the holy trinity in Louisiana jambalaya or seafood gumbo.

Beyond these global variations, you can make simple tweaks to the French version. Here are some ideas:

  • Make it a pinçage: Mirepoix becomes pinçage (pin-sahge) when you add tomato paste. Once the vegetables have softened, add a tablespoon of tomato paste to the mixture and stir until it browns.
  • Use different aromatic vegetables: Add or substitute mushrooms, bell peppers, tomatoes, parsnips or leeks to your onion, carrot and celery mixture.
  • Add garlic: If you love to cook, you probably can’t get enough of the smell of freshly sauteed garlic and onion. If you’re going to add garlic, wait until the onions and other aromatics are softened or translucent so that the minced garlic doesn’t burn.
  • Use herbs and spices: Whole peppercorns and herbs like those in a bouquet garni also give things like broths and stews even more flavor.
  • Upgrade it with bacon: Nothing new here; bacon makes everything—even a basic mirepoix—better. The salty fat drippings of the pork will give any recipe an instant boost of flavor. Try it out in recipes like creamy potato soup.

How to Make Mirepoix

Mirepoix ingredients on wooden cutting board with knifeTMB Studio

Use one part carrots and one part celery to two parts onion, and chop ’em all before you start cooking. This simple technique, called mise en place, helps chefs (and home cooks) make sure they have everything they need before the stove is turned on. It’s one of those culinary school tips that saves so much time in the kitchen.

Directions

Step 1: Chop your veggies

Chop the veggiesTMB Studio

Wash your vegetables well before chopping. If you prefer, you can peel your carrots at this stage too. You’ll want to dice the onion, carrots and celery into pieces that are all similar in size so they cook evenly.

Finely chopped veggies on cutting boardTMB Studio

Half inch pieces are a good place to start, but if you have a recipe with a quick cook time, chop the veggies even smaller so they soften quicker.

Step 2: Slowly saute

Heat your pan over medium heat and add butter or oil. If you’re using butter, add the vegetables to the pan once the butter is fully melted. Reduce the heat to medium-low and stir the mirepoix to coat in the fat. Stir occasionally and cook until the onion pieces are translucent and the carrots and celery have softened.

This process could take up to ten minutes, and the trick is low and slow. If you raise the heat, you risk burning the mirepoix (save the browning for your meat!).

Tips for Making Mirepoix

Saute the veggiesTMB Studio

Can you freeze mirepoix?

Yes, you can. Clean your vegetables and dice them into the size you need, then spread them over a cooking sheet and cover it. Transfer the cooking sheet to the freezer, let the vegetables freeze, and then place them in a freezer-safe container until you’re ready to use the mirepoix. The uncooked mixture should stay fresh in the fridge for up to eight months.

Can you use any kind of onion?

Sort of. Traditional mirepoix uses yellow onions, but other types of onions you can use include white and Vidalia. White onions will add a sharper taste while Vidalia onions lean sweeter.

Use mirepoix in these classic soups
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